When most urban people think of farming, it’s some amalgam of American Gothic, John Deere tractors, Walker Evans’s Dust Bowl photography, a Farmersonly.com ad, and a Levi’s commercial. That image is steadily being updated to include the operation of drones. As Modern Farmer notes, the future of farming may include “insanely precise drones” delivering the specific amount of fertilizer that a plant needs to thrive.

Now, a research team from Aarhus University in Denmark has come up with a way to pinpoint the precise nitrogen needs of individual plants by looking at the way light reflects off a plant’s leaves, which is pretty cool. Normally knowing how much nitrogen-based fertilizer a plant needs to grow is a delicate balance between producing leafy greens and, well, a bomb. Nitrogen fertilizer—used by organic and GMO farmers alike—can account for up to half the cost of running a farm, and, in excess quantities, can encourage non-native or invasive species, contaminate ground water sources, and damage soil. And new research indicates that increases in rainfall and extreme weather because of climate change will increase the amount of nitrogen polluting rivers and other waterways.

The study, published in the European Journal of Agronomy (check your local newsstands!), hints at more promise for drones in so-called precision agriculture. After infrastructure (like solar farms), agriculture is thought to be the second most lucrative market for commercial drones, according to a 2016 report on the future of drones by PricewaterhouseCoopers, with a potential value of $32.4 billion per year.

While systems are still being developed, the Danish team just received funding for a follow-up project in which they will use their hyper-precise fertilization methods in the field using drone, satellites, and sensor technologies. That means that in the near future, farmers may be using drones to detect each plant’s individual nitrogen needs and delivering the exact right amount of fertilizer. That should leave them with more efficient farms, a cleaner environment, and plenty of time to update their farmersonly.com profile.

London has implemented an interesting idea to curb speeding: magic. The British capital has painted optical illusions on its streets as part of a pilot program to get drivers to slow down, according to podcast 99% Invisible. The idea is both simple and clever: Paint the streets to look like they have speed bumps on them, but don’t use finite city resources to actually build speed bumps into the road. The 18-month pilot program was launched in September of last year, according to the BBC, and the city is still determining whether the black-and-white stencils are as effective as actual bumps to deter drivers from exceeding 20 mph (as if traffic in London ever goes faster than 20 mph).

The fake bumps are not the first time optical illusions have been deployed for traffic safety. Last year we wrote about the Indian city of Ahmedabad experimenting with striped crosswalks that look like roadblocks. And if you’re wondering what the difference is between a speed bump, lump, and hump, 99% Invisiblebreaks it down.

Watch: #London‘s optical illusion speed bumps https://t.co/eXrqYDg8bHpic.twitter.com/BPgB2kqNuT

— BBC London Newsroom (@BBCLondonNews) September 20, 2016

If you want to support renewable energy generation, there’s not a whole lot of personal recourse you can take beyond either choosing to pay a “green pricing” premium to your local utility in exchange for clean energy, or–in deregulated states–choosing to buy your energy directly from a clean-energy provider (like Green Mountain Energy in Vermont).

A new startup, Inspire, is throwing its hat into the clean-energy supply ring and offering a different option: a Netflix-style subscription to wind power. Unlike paying a green premium or switching energy providers, the cost of an Inspire monthly membership doesn’t fluctuate in accordance with your energy usage. Rather, you pay a monthly fee based on the cost of wind energy per kilowatt-hour, adjusted for your past energy-use patterns, the number of people in your home, weather in your location, and square footage of your home. Because Inspire has made deals with utilities where it operates, you still get a bill from the same company you get currently, which oversees delivery of your energy, but the flat-rate Inspire charge replaces your current utility charge. An accompanying app delivers real-time analysis of your energy use, and recommendations for where you can conserve power. “It’s a fundamental shift in the payment mechanism for energy,” Inspire COO Blake Lasuzzo said in a video on Mashable.

Shortly after college, Inspire CEO Patrick Maloney started working at a Philadelphia-based energy company. The experience, he tells Fast Company, “left me a bit frustrated with the market, and with the overall industry.” The energy industry accounts for 35% of the U.S.’ greenhouse gas emissions, and Maloney adds, “it’s unbelievably antiquated in nature, dominated by government-sanctioned monopolies that really have almost no incentive to innovate and to drive a transition to renewables.”

And there was little room, Maloney noticed, for energy consumers to exercise choices based on their values. When he left the energy company in 2010, he began to think about how to create a new utility, driven by technology and consumer needs and choice. Looking at the transportation industry, specifically at how on-demand ventures like Lyft and Uber so quickly overtook taxis, Maloney says that those companies “were able to drive rapid, irreversible change by making the consumer king, and figuring out how to develop technologies that reshape the customer experience.” He founded Inspire in 2013 as a way to bring a sense of agency to consumers facing down bills from an industry they do not ethically support.

The startup is still in the early stages, though Maloney says they hope to scale nationally. RECs purchased by the company on behalf of Inspire members–who are approaching six figures, Maloney says–have had the equivalent impact of adding 85 energy from 85 wind turbines into the grid. He estimates that Inspire could reach over 100 million people with its subscription service–the same thing as putting over 177,000 new wind turbines into the grid.

Overdraft fees have become big business for big banks. Last year, banks and other financial institutions charged Americans $15 billion in penalties for accounts with insufficient funds, according to a report published on Friday by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. In 2015, banks charged their customers $14.7 billion. Consumers who incur frequent overdraft fees—defined as more than 10 charges per year—tend to be financially vulnerable, with an average credit score of less than 600 and an average end-of-day balance of around $300. Over the span of a year, at a typical rate of $34 per zero-balance, they end up paying $450 or more in fees. Most overdraft fees are for low-value transactions. The median transaction size, the bureau says, is just $24.

“I value diversity and inclusion, am not denying that sexism exists, and don’t endorse using stereotypes,” a Google software engineer wrote in an internal memo titled: “Google’s Ideological Echo Chamber.” However, the author of the now widely shared anti-diversity screed went on to claim that “on average, men and women biologically differ in many ways,” using mostly stereotypes as “evidence.” His memo only reinforced just how little he actually values diversity and inclusion and used widely disproven “science” to justify sexism.

Related: Everything You Believe Is Wrong: There Is No Such Thing As A Male Or Female Brain

He claims that men and women are inherently different, and it’s not just because gender is socialized:

1. They’re universal across human cultures.
2. They often have clear biological causes and links to prenatal testosterone.
3. Biological males that were castrated at birth and raised as females often still identify and act like males.
4. The underlying traits are highly heritable.
5. They’re exactly what we would predict from an evolutionary psychology perspective.

Let’s get one thing out of the way first: Every single one of those claims is false.  For starters, men aren’t the sole producers of testosterone at birth or afterward. Women also make the hormone, in addition to estrogen. And men produce estrogen, too.

Myth No. 1: Men And Women Have A Different Brain Makeup

As for more heritable traits, “Even neuroscientists can’t tell if an individual brain belongs to a man or woman,” says Christia Spears Brown, PhD, a developmental and social psychologist at the University of Kentucky. She cites the work of neuroscientist Daphna Joel and her team who examined the brains of 1,400 individuals and found that only about 3% of people have a brain that is fully “male” or fully “female.” Further, she says, research on over 1 million people conducted by behavioral psychologists reveals that “individual differences are much larger than any group-level gender difference, and that no individual fits the male or female stereotype perfectly.”

Myth No. 2: Women Are Naturally More Social And Empathic And Men Are Naturally More Systematic

On the personality differences, the Google engineer resorts to some familiar tropes, including that women have above-average empathy versus men’s systemization, claiming that’s a reason for the imbalance of women in social and artistic roles versus coding.

According to the National Endowment for the Arts, 51% of visual artists today are women–hardly a massive majority.

Although there are undisputedly larger numbers of male coders, it’s not because women are too social or artistic to code. A recent survey from HackerRank found that women’s average scores on algorithms challenges (which account for more than 40% of all HackerRank tests taken) including sorting data, dynamic programming, searching for keywords, and other logic-based tasks scored well above average of between 121 and 224 points versus the typical upper limit of 115 points.

Myth No. 3: Women Aren’t As Assertive As Men, Which Is Why They Don’t Get Paid More Or Get Promoted

He also says women are more extroverted, which is “expressed as gregariousness rather than assertiveness. Also, higher agreeableness,” which explains why they have a hard time negotiating salary, asking for a raise, and leading.

Carl Jung observed: “There is no such thing as a pure introvert or extrovert. Such a person would be in the lunatic asylum.” Likewise, such traits don’t fall into gender camps. One only needs to see how Susan Cain became one of the most famous introverts to know that there are plenty of women who aren’t naturally extroverted. 

As for negotiation, men have a hard time advocating for pay raises, too. Nor are they always good at it. That’s why some companies push for salary transparency.

A report by DDI, which is a synthesis of assessments taken by 15,000 participants being considered for leadership from the front lines to executive levels, found that men and women score nearly equally in their ability to drive businesses. 

Myth No. 4: Women Aren’t As Competitive And Are More Neurotic Than Men

The Google engineer seems to believe the old trope that women are just too delicate to handle high-stress jobs. He claims that neuroticism”may contribute to the higher levels of anxiety women report on Googlegeist and to the lower number of women in high-stress jobs,” as compared to men’s drive for status.

Yet more than half of men would be willing to stay at home, provided their spouse makes enough money, according to a survey by Fatherly. “Fathers stress over work-life balance more than college savings or career advancement,” says Fatherly’s cofounder Simon Isaacs.

Myth No. 5: The More We Strive For Equality, The More We See How Different We Are

Finally, the author cites 2008 research that suggests when society is more prosperous and egalitarian, “the gap that exists between men and women in their personality becomes wider.”

However, Google’s own workforce doesn’t bear this out. As the company has been striving to be more diverse and inclusive, the result is that its male and female employees have been found to have no significant differences in their personality traits.

Related: Google Is Still Mostly White Guys, So They Hired A New VP Of Diversity

Whenever I open up Foursquare’s Swarm app, it feels like the party has thinned out. To be sure, the location-logging social app, which the company controversially spun off from its flagship Foursquare city guide app in 2014, has never really been a top-of-the-charts kind of app. But maybe that doesn’t matter all that much.

That’s because Swarm is doubling down on the navel-gazey “lifelogging” use case. The latest, redesigned version of the app, which launches today, puts even more emphasis on users’ ability to keep track of their location history using personalized maps and charts. While it still has social features (such as checking in with friends and the ability to like and comment on check-ins), Swarm’s interface is increasingly hyper-focused on the insular experience of the individual user. Today’s launch of Swarm 5.0 continues a shift toward lifelogging that picked up steam in March 2016 with the last major version of the app. Last summer, the app added real-life perks (such as deals at the local spa or pizza shop) to try and make Swarm more attractive to regular people. Swarm 5.0 just brings lifelogging to the forefront and adds a layer of design polish.

Another reason Swarm’s relatively low usage might not be an emergency for Foursquare: The company has smartly pivoted the business side of its operation to licensing its location database to third-party apps and building ad-tech products that help turn some of that data into revenue as well. So not only has Foursquare built new pipelines of cash into its business, but some of its partnerships provide reciprocal location data from third parties, making it less crucial to Foursquare’s business for Swarm and its sister app Foursquare to boast massive user growth every quarter.

Still, it does get lonely checking into coffee shops and dive bars all alone. Maybe I’ll try putting my phone down.

The left-leaning news media company The Young Turks–known for their online videos–has raised $20 million in a new funding round, reports the Wall Street Journal. The money will be used to beef up its team and expand marketing initiatives, the company said in a statement.

In 2015, TYT raised $4.25 million, so this latest infusion is quite a step up. Sites like it, which provide programming for people not in the political center, are seeing a marked increase in interest it seems. Earlier this year TYT raised $2 million via crowdfunding to beef up its investigative reporting efforts. The Journal adds that audience and subscriptions have been booming.

With this, investors seem to be warming up to the idea of these sorts of companies making the big bucks.

There’s been plenty of debate in cities around the country in recent years over Airbnb’s impact on neighborhoods, amid concerns that the home-sharing platform accelerates gentrification and causes rents to increase. Now a new study from academics at MIT, UCLA, and USC shows that Airbnb is indeed having an impact on real estate prices. 

The report found that in the U.S. a 10% increase in Airbnb listings would lead to a 0.39% increase in rents and a 0.64% increase in home prices in a zip code on average, meaning neighborhoods with listings are becoming more valuable. “That’s not insignificant, but that’s not huge,” Kyle Barron, a research assistant at MIT and coauthor of the study, tells Fast Company. The research is sure to fuel the debate over how Airbnb should be regulated, though it did not delve into the platform’s economic impact on surrounding neighborhoods and businesses.

Most noteworthy, though, is that Airbnb’s impact on rents appears to be linked to the availability of commercial listings in a particular market. Barron, along with UCLA professor Edward Kung and USC professor Davide Proserpio, scraped data from Zillow, Airbnb, the Census Bureau, and Google Trends to understand rental trends down to the zip code level. They found that the percent of non-owner-occupied units listed in a given region determines the rate at which rents will increase. Rents rise more heavily when there is a preponderance of home listings that the owner is not living in. More specifically, the study indicates that rental rate increases are tied to the number of landlords taking long-term inventory and moving it to short-term markets like Airbnb or VRBO. “The response of rental rates to Airbnb could actually be zero if all landlords are owner-occupiers,” the study notes.

But it’s unlikely that Airbnb would eject such listings from its platform. As the blog FiveThirtyEight pointed out in August last year, a significant portion of Airbnb bookings are commercials listings—that is, apartments or homes that primarily function as short-term rentals. According to the data retrieved by FiveThirtyEight and AirDNA, commercial listings make up as much as 46% of regional annual host revenue.   

Airbnb has long maintained that it benefits middle-class people who need the extra money they earn through Airbnb to cover their expenses. “Airbnb makes housing more affordable — countless families depend on Airbnb to pay their rent and stay in their homes — and 95% of economists and housing experts surveyed said home-sharing has no meaningful impact on rents,” says Nick Papas, a spokesman for the home-sharing platform.

The problem is that not everyone on Airbnb is using the marketplace to shore up a gap in their finances. Some people on Airbnb and other home rental sites are commercial landlords who are taking long-term housing off the market to cash in on lucrative short-term rental opportunities. Lawmakers in tourism-heavy urban hubs, like Honolulu or Los Angeles, have the greatest challenges, according to the study. The popularity of these places with tourists means that landlords are more likely to make that switch to short-term rentals. It’s this very behavior that concerns lawmakers as they think about how housing is allocated in the future.

Therein lies the challenge of regulating home-sharing sites: Legislators have to contend with mitigating the potential negative effects of short-term rentals, like squeezing the availability of existing housing and raising rents, while also appeasing homeowners, who want to earn the most money for the least hassle. Of course the absence of housing isn’t Airbnb’s burden and arguably it and its users shouldn’t have to suffer penalties for the failure of city and state officials to build enough housing to satisfy demand.  

“It’s not [Airbnb’s] fault that cities are bad at growing supply—but it doesn’t make the empirical facts less true,” says Keren Horn, assistant professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts Boston, who has conducted research on the effects of Airbnb on Boston-area rents. Though is it regulators who have failed to build enough housing or come up with a solution to mitigate constrained supply, it doesn’t mean they can ignore the ways in which Airbnb affects the market. That means implementing rules, unpopular though they may be with hosts, to restrict long-term housing stock from flipping onto short-term markets and ultimately increasing rents for locals.

Correction: A previous version of this article incorrectly referred to USC professor David Prosperio as UNC professor Davide Proserpio. 

Snap’s first original series, Good Luck America, is having a growth spurt. According to Axios, the political news show hosted by former CNN correspondent Peter Hamby grew its viewership by a whopping 45%. We guess millennials really wanted to know more about the President Trump’s wild ride.

The show is now in its second season (although what constitutes a season on a Snapchat show seems a little fuzzy) and its numbers keep climbing, now averaging over 5 million unique views per episode, and racking up 29 million total unique viewers globally. While the numbers are impressive, keep in mind that a “view” on Snapchat is not the same as viewers calculated by Nielsen’s TV ratings. A single episode of The Big Bang Theory can average more than 12 million viewers, meaning that’s the average number of people watching during the entire program.

It makes sense for a new platform show to struggle to find an audience at first, as it probably took the average Snapchat user a few months to stop taking puppy-face selfies long enough to even realize the show existed. If you haven’t heard about the show, you’re probably old enough to have murdered several Tamagotchi: According to Axios almost 75% of Good Luck America‘s viewers are under the age of 25, and over 90% are under age 35.

It’s what the world has been waiting for: temperature-regulating bras and panties. After all, if there is fire in your loins, it would be helpful if your undies got the idea and cooled you down.

Fortunately, Giapenta has risen to this challenge. The brand has launched a range of elegant bras and panties that are all equipped with TempPro, a fabric that is designed to identify your body temperature then provide either cooling or heating properties, depending on what is needed. Most women report feeling too hot in their bras, especially when the weather is already warm, so it is designed to make you less likely to sweat and chafe. Giapenta uses this fabric technology on their underwear and eye mask collection as well.

Giapenta is also trying to solve other problems in the world of intimates. It has reengineered shoulder straps on bras to prevent them from falling off, while ensuring they are not too tight. It has developed softer cups, so they provide a more natural shape. And rather than using the standard bra-fit models, the brand used a wide range of real women to create sizes that fit a wider range of bodies.

Quick, check your Instagram, because it just got a new update that lets people go live with a friend—without actually seeing them IRL. The company just announced a new goLive service that makes it easy to add a friend, enemy, trusted member of the clergy, or beloved dog to a live split screen. To use the service, simply start a live broadcast and tap the new icon that pops up on the bottom right and tap “Add” to invite anyone who is currently watching. Then you can all hang out and quote Mean Girls, play Overwatch, unbox some new Star Wars swag, run a joint Yankee Candle review, or whatever it is you want to do in a live video with friends. Once they get annoying or start hogging the spotlight, simply remove your guest and add someone newer, better, and prettier.

Of course, not everyone is cool enough to get the feature, so Instagram will roll it out as a trial to a “randomly selected” group of influencers, er, people, today. The company will let the chosen few test the service over the next few months before officially rolling it out to the masses.

Until now, Tile has tried to make its item-finding Bluetooth trackers easier to hide with slimmer and smaller designs, but the company’s latest Pro Style and Pro Sport trackers move in the opposite direction. Both are thicker and larger than the basic Tile Mate tracker, and come dressed in different styles–champagne accents for the Style, gray with treads for the Sport–instead of sterile white.

Those aesthetics help cover up new tech inside, which is presumably the main reason for the added bulk. The Pro trackers are twice as loud as their predecessors, and have twice the Bluetooth range at up to 200 feet, so they’re less likely to get lost when you attach them to bags, car keys, or other valuable items. Tile is selling them for $35 each, or $60 for a two-pack.

Alongside rivals like TrackR and Chipolo, Tile is in a race for market share as it tries to build a network of Bluetooth trackers, all of which can be mapped by the millions of people who’ve installed the Tile app on their phones. The new designs are another way to stand out in a crowded field.

Uber is considering the fate of its subprime car-lease program. The company could dissolve the unit altogether or sell it off. Xchange was designed to help attract drivers despite their credit history and access to capital, and it has garnered attention for its high weekly fees. But it turns out the program wasn’t just costing drivers gobs of money—it was also costing Uber. When the company first started the service, it expected to lose around $500 per vehicle, a report from the Wall Street Journal says. But actual losses totaled $9,000 per car. The news comes as Uber is trying to mitigate losses and reorient the business to be more supportive of drivers. An Uber spokesperson did not want to comment on the record about the status of the program.

If you’re a Bay Area sports fan and you’re on Twitter, you probably know who Tim Kawakami is. One of the best sportswriters in the business, the former San Jose Mercury News columnist recently became editor-in-chief of the Bay Area section of The Athletic, a paid subscription site promising high-quality journalism with no ads.

Kawakami is known for a combative online persona. As I wrote last year, he brooks no nonsense. And he blocks people on Twitter all the time, by the thousands, generally because he “saw annoying/angry/rude/repetitive people responding to me on my timeline.” Today, The Athletic announced a Twitter Block Amnesty program—buy a subscription, and Kawakami may unblock you. “The Athletic is a startup company, with a startup ethos, and my mood and energies cannot help but be lifted by all of this,” Kawakami wrote today. “Why not try a re-start? Why not open the window just a bit, let some fresh air blow through and try to bring some of these Twitter relationships back to the beginning, when we all weren’t angry with each other?”

Not everyone is eligible. If he blocked someone for racist tweets “or were especially ugly in some unique way,” no unblock for you. Otherwise, though, if you’re one of the 8,873 people unable to read Kawakami’s tweets, this may be your chance out of the doghouse.

Typically, brands don’t just toss 10-minute short films to anyone. And as wasteful as advertising’s reputation is, marketers also don’t just hand out $100,000 checks willy-nilly, either. So it’s clear Heineken, through its ongoing Cities Project, actually believes creating a floating pool in the Hudson or East Rivers alongside New York City may be possible.

The Plus Pool project was dreamed up by a group of New York City-based architects and designers who have been testing, lobbying, and fundraising for the project since 2010. For its part, Heineken has pledged to contribute $100K, if 100,000 people sign a petition to support it.

It sounds like a lot of money, but given that the estimated cost of the Plus Pool is $20 million if they were to actually pull it off, the brand halo for Heineken alone around it would make it all look like a pretty shrewd marketing investment.

A strong password has at least one capital letter, one number, and one special character, right? Not according to Bill Burr, who devised those rules as a manager at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in 2003. Now retired, Burr tells the Wall Street Journal that he regrets much of his original guidance, including the use of odd characters and routine password changes. Meanwhile, NIST now suggests a lengthy phrase that’s unique but easy to remember–echoing a classic XKCD comic from a few years ago–with no need to change passwords unless there’s evidence of a security breach. Whether your bank will stop nagging you to insert needlessly crazy symbols into your password from here on is another matter.

For the liar, telling a lie has obvious costs. Keeping track of the lies one tells and trying to maintain the plausibility of a fictional narrative as real-world events intrude is mentally taxing. The fear of getting caught is a constant source of anxiety, and when it happens, the damage to one’s reputation can be lasting. For the people who are lied to the costs of lying are also clear: Lies undermine relationships, organizations, and institutions.

However, the ability to lie and engage in other forms of deception is also a source of great social power, as it allows people to shape interactions in ways that serve their interests: They can evade responsibility for their misdeeds, take credit for accomplishments that are not really theirs, and rally friends and allies to the cause. As such, it’s an important step in a child’s development and there are cognitive building blocks that must be in place in order to successfully lie.

One way research psychologists have sought to understand the reasoning behind the choice to lie versus tell the truth is to go back to when we first learn this skill in childhood. In some studies, researchers ask children to play a game in which they can obtain a material reward by lying. In other studies children are faced with social situations in which the more polite course of action involves lying instead of telling the truth. For example, an experimenter will offer an undesirable gift such as a bar of soap and ask the child whether he or she likes it. Yet another method is to ask parents to keep a written record of the lies that their children tell.

In our recent study, my colleagues and I sought to understand children’s thinking processes when they were first figuring out how to deceive other people, which for most children is around age three and a half. We were interested in the possibility that certain types of social experiences might speed up this developmental timeline.

Watching Children Discover How To Deceive

We invited young children to play a simple game they could win only by deceiving their opponent: Children who told the truth won treats for the experimenter and those who lied won treats for themselves.

In this game, the child hides a treat in one of two cups while an experimenter covers her eyes. The experimenter then opens her eyes and asks the child where the treat is hidden, and the child responds by indicating one of the two cups. If the child indicates the correct cup, the experimenter wins the treat, and if the child indicates the incorrect one, the child wins the treat.

Children played 10 rounds of this game each day for 10 consecutive days. This method of closely observing children over a short period of time allows for fine-grained tracking of behavioral changes, so researchers can observe the process of development as it unfolds.

We tested children around the time of their third birthday, which is before children typically know how to deceive. We found that, as expected, when children first started playing the game most of them made no effort to deceive, and lost to the experimenter every time. However, within the next few sessions most children discovered how to deceive in order to win the game–and after their initial discovery they used deception consistently.

Just One Developmental Milestone

Not all children figured out how to deceive at the same rate. At one extreme, some figured it out on the first day; at the other extreme, some were consistently losing the game even at the end of the 10 days.

We discovered that the rate at which individual children learned to deceive was related to certain cognitive skills. One of these skills—what psychologists call theory of mind—is the ability to understand that others don’t necessarily know what you know. This skill is needed because when children lie they intentionally communicate information that differs from what they themselves believe. Another one of these skills, cognitive control, allows people to stop themselves from blurting out the truth when they try to lie. The children who figured out how to deceive the most quickly had the highest levels of both of these skills.

Our findings suggest that competitive games can help children gain the insight that deception can be used as a strategy for personal gain—once they have the underlying cognitive skills to figure this out.

It’s important to keep in mind that the initial discovery of deception is not an endpoint. Rather, it’s the first step in a long developmental trajectory. After this discovery, children typically learn when to deceive, but in doing so they must sort through a confusing array of messages about the morality of deception. They usually also learn more about how to deceive. Young children often inadvertently give away the truth when they try to dupe others, and they must learn to control their words, facial expressions, and body language to be convincing.

As they develop, children often learn how to employ more nuanced forms of manipulation, such as using flattery as a means to curry favor, steering conversations away from uncomfortable topics, and presenting information selectively to create a desired impression. By mastering these skills, they gain the power to help shape social narratives in ways that can have far-reaching consequences for themselves and for others.

Gail Heyman is professor of Psychology, University of California, San Diego. This essay originally appeared at The Conversation.

North Korea has successfully produced miniaturized nuclear warheads that fit inside its missiles, according to a secret U.S. intelligence report cited by the Washington Post.

The Asian nation is rapidly moving toward building intercontinental ballistic missiles capable of striking the U.S. mainland and has threatened “physical action” in response to new United Nations sanctions approved last week. North Korea has alarmed the world with the rapid development of its nuclear program and a series of recent tests of increasingly sophisticated missiles.

Speaking from his 17-day “working vacation” in New Jersey, President Donald Trump said that continued threats from North Korea would be “met with fire and fury like the world has never seen.”

BREAKING: Pres. Trump: “North Korea best not make any more threats…they will be met with fire, fury.” https://t.co/WV3P9c460Opic.twitter.com/z9TXkUUQqH

— ABC News (@ABC) August 8, 2017

Critics earlier pointed out that while the news was breaking, Trump was continuing Twitter attacks on the New York Times and the Washington Post. Earlier in the morning, Trump retweeted without comment a Fox News report about recent North Korean military activities based on anonymous intelligence sources. Nikki Haley, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., had previously said she couldn’t discuss the report, based on classified information, NBC News reports.

E-mails show that the AmazonWashingtonPost and the FailingNewYorkTimes were reluctant to cover the Clinton/Lynch secret meeting in plane.

— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 8, 2017

At the age of 19, Nashra Balagamwala made the choice to defy her family: Instead of entering into an arranged marriage in Pakistan, she would go to college in the United States. Five years later, with her student visa set to expire, she’s headed home and trying to avoid the still looming marriage by designing a board game.

In the game, “Arranged!,” which is funding on Kickstarter, players take the part of a girl trying to creatively avoid a matchmaker and to marry for love instead. Balagamwala hopes to raise enough money through the game that if she’s soon being forced to get married by her family, she can fly out of Pakistan; making a product also makes her eligible for a particular type of U.S. visa. (The O-1 visa for workers with “extraordinary abilities,” which includes a subcategory for artists, could be easier for some people to get than the HB-1 visa, which uses a lottery system; of course, it could be still be hard to get in the current political climate, particularly for a Pakistani Muslim, and a Kickstarter project may not be enough). She’s also hoping that the game can help other young Pakistani women realize they have more options.

Each time she returned for visits, she was also scouted by matchmakers hoping to marry her off. But Balagamwala found ways to avoid them–making sure she was seen with male friends, for example, or getting a tan, since darker skin made her seem less desirable in Pakistani culture.

The game introduces Americans to Pakistani culture, but is also meant to shift norms in Pakistan. “This is a big problem, and we need to start getting people to talk about it, to make them aware that it’s actually a problem,” Balagamwala says. “Generally I’m a pretty playful person…so I decided to mask the seriousness of the topic by making it into a lighthearted board game.”

Among her friends who tested the game in Pakistan, she says that it’s inspired them to take more active roles in their futures. “It’s even giving these women ideas to actually avoid [arranged marriage],” she says.

There’s been no shortage of rumors this summer that one or more of Apple’s new iPhones would be delayed due to component supply shortages. But a new report from KGI Securities analyst Ming-Chi Kuo (who receives supply chain leaks about upcoming iPhones) says all three of the new iPhones will launch as planned in September.

Kuo says the new phones–possibly called the iPhone 7s, iPhone 7s Plus, and iPhone 8–will come in only three colors–gold, black, and silver. The iPhone 7 came in those colors, plus rose gold and two shades of black.

Kuo also believes the fanciest of the new phones, the “iPhone 8,” will be in short supply at first, and that Apple will be able to sell only between 2 million and 4 million of the devices during the holiday quarter. Kuo doesn’t believe the situation will improve very quickly. “We do not think production of the OLED iPhone will pick up substantially before 4Q17 [calendar first quarter]; and given strong demand, tight supply may persist until 1Q18 before improving much.”

iPhone 8 (encased) pic.twitter.com/9LpARCAML2

— Evan Blass (@evleaks) August 8, 2017