Welcome to 2025. Self-driving cars have become mainstream. Artificial intelligence is diagnosing diseases, doing our taxes, and evaluating insurance claims. Humans are certainly also involved in these tasks, but their workload is getting lighter and more efficient.

While the world around us looks perceivably different, one thing is familiar: A new graduating college class is preparing to enter the workforce.

Today they are teenagers, mostly 14, and they, like most teens have vague thoughts about what their careers will look like in that seemingly far-off future. Ashley Voisin wants to be a psychologist, and Alexa Shelton is thinking about interior design. Reed Burzynski is considering accounting. Derek Zhang thinks maybe he’ll design spaceships.

They are all going into a workforce that experts say will be shedding jobs to machines for decades to come, but right now their more immediate concern is starting high school this fall.

Today, adults are arguing over whether robots, AI, and smarter machines will destroy more human jobs than they create, leading to worrisome headlines like a Mother Jones column that declares an era of “mass unemployment” will start around 2025. While such dire ideas are up for debate–research organizations like Forrester, Gartner, and Pew have offered varied (and often contradictory) predictions tied to 2025–rarely do we hear from those who may inherit this world.

Related:These Will Be The Top Jobs In 2025 (And The Skills You’ll Need To Get Them)

Talk to teenagers, and you’ll learn they hold nuanced and often cautiously optimistic opinions about the future of their careers, as Fast Company learned interviewing seven incoming high school freshmen and their parents this summer.

Meet The Class Of 2025

“AI, once fully developed, may allow growth in many more fields as more things can be done better by machines,” says New York City entering high school freshman Derek Zhang, who is interested in both biology and aeronautics engineering–maybe a combination of both, especially as the private space industry expands. Whether he ends up “designing space station hulls using 3D modeling software or literally decoding more about what certain genes do,” he thinks advancements in computing will be help enable what he wants to do, not put him out of a job.

Livingston, New Jersey summer camp counselor Griffith Werwa, 14, is less certain about his career interests, but also isn’t too worried about whether there will be jobs for him when he graduates. “I feel like people will always adapt to new technology. You have to adapt to it, because you can’t really stop it,” he says. Though he’s interested in science, his plans for high school are exactly how vague you’d expect from a 14-year-old: “having a good time and getting good grades and learning something I can actually apply to the real world.”

William, a teenager entering public high school in Portola Valley, California, surrounded by kids whose parents work in the tech industry, doesn’t feel inclined to go into tech or learn coding. He’s a rare teenager who chooses to stay off social media because he “doesn’t want his data sold,” and he is wary of companies like Google and Facebook. (His parents asked that we not use his last name because of privacy concerns.)

“Eventually AI will get smarter than humans,” he says. William worries what the repercussions of that could be, and referenced Dave Eggers’ The Circle as an example for how tech could get out of hand.

Lessons In Change From Gen X Parents

Parents tend to have more immediate anxieties for their kids’ future. They have grappled with the rise of the internet, social media, and other digital technologies that have shaped their own careers, and they know their kids will likely face even less straightforward paths. But parents, too, can see the clear upside of technology and feel that the next generation will have new opportunities, too.

“Each generation has got its own challenge: Is [AI and automation] any bigger? The internet didn’t exist when I was growing up. Now it’s hard for me to imagine a life without it,” says Derek’s mom, Yan Zheng. Her career as an environmental research scientist has taken unexpected turns, made possible by a more globalized online world, she says. Recently, for example, she moved to China to teach at a new university, while Derek stays in New York with his father to start high school.

Related:What Will Work Look Like In 2025

Griffith’s notion of adaptability is also one taken from his father, Todd Werwa, who started his own career in sports video production by lugging huge rigs and physically cutting tape. He had to quickly pick up new skills or get left behind as the industry made an abrupt transition to digital production in the 1990s. Today, Todd says, younger producers do it all: “shoot their own stuff, edit, have a YouTube channel, a podcast, and Instagram.” He feels like a dinosaur.

Of course, individuals are often resilient–especially when they grow up in middle- or upper-middle-class families, which applies to those interviewed for this article. Whether the economy as a whole will adapt to more automation, especially in lower-paid jobs like cashiers and truck drivers, is the bigger dispute among experts. Most agree that many existing jobs will eventually be lost to or significantly marginalized by machines, but they divide over whether new and better jobs will be created to replace those that are lost.

Griffith’s dad is currently a coordinating producer for MLB Network. He has seen this debate in his own industry, in the discussion over whether computers should call Major League Baseball games, rather than (or along with) unionized professionals: “When computers can tell instantly whether a ball is in the strike zone, is there a need for umpires?” Werwa asks.

Griffith says that we need to think about the implications of these kinds of questions now. “I think AI has the potential to be a very good thing, as long as it’s kept in check, as long as we don’t allow it to take over everything and to take over every possible job.”

“You Be You”

Parents, educators, and students are all aware that new modes of learning will be necessary for kids to compete and work within a more automated economy. The Class of 2025 has the next eight years to develop important skills.

“A lot of the focus of our schools is getting people to sit quietly and follow instructions, and I think that doesn’t work going forward,” says Erik Brynjolfsson, director of the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy.

Careers of the future, he believes, will require that people either learn to build and program machines or take on creative, interpersonal, and emotional tasks that computers still aren’t good at. People should also strive to be experts at something, so finding something to be passionate about is important: “Really being a little above average or average doesn’t get you a whole lot,” Brynjolfsson says.

Related: 7 Skills Managers Will Need In 2025

Many schools are working to adapt to some of these ideals–emphasizing technology and career education, entrepreneurial skills like social media and personal branding, project-based classroom learning over memorizing facts and holding lectures–but change is slow.

“A good teacher helps them think critically about what’s going on. The tools and resources that help them reach conclusions are becoming so much easier to access,” says Austin, Texas middle school teacher Charlie Applegate, who teaches an unusual class called “Tinkering.” “I think schools need to get away from rote learning.”

Parents and teenagers seem to understand this advice intuitively and know a lot of it may fall to their own initiative. Ericka Burzynski, a medical writer in Milwaukee, encourages her ninth-grade son Reed to practice talking to adults and holding conversations, because many of his peers have difficulty with this skill, she says, especially because of smartphones. “They don’t have the skill that they are going to need to land a job and maybe to keep a job.” She only allowed him to have a device this year, much later than most of his friends.

Related:4 Ways Your Office May Change By 2025

Ninth graders are also taking the task of finding their passions into their own hands. Alexa Shelton, 14, who has an interest in interior design, likes to frequently rearrange and redecorate her room, which her parents allow. She follows brands like Pottery Barn and Anthropologie on Instagram for inspiration.

“We encourage her to follow her dreams,” says her mom, Jennifer Gordon, who works as an associate director for a pharmaceutical company in Virginia. “We always do ‘you be you’ in our household.”

An extreme example of this is Calgary, Alberta teenager Ashley Voisin, who has been homeschooled along with her younger sister for the last two years. Their parents felt their kids’ independent streak was being stifled in traditional classrooms.

Their mom, Jacqueline Voisin, 40, who owns a home building and renovation business with her husband, is involved in directing their education to meet graduation requirements, but gives them as much time as possible to independently explore. Together, the sisters enter local Maker Faires, have launched a company called RobotsRFun that sells DIY technology kits (Ashley is the social media and design director), and visit local businesses and research institutions to learn hands-on from mentors. Ashley, who is interested in psychology as a career, also takes online college courses through the edX platform.

“I think that schools should be based off of project learning. When you work on something that isn’t a test–you are still going to get marked on it, but you’re not going to get ‘this is wrong this is right,’ which is like the real world,” Ashley says.

Clearly not everyone has parents who are so involved in their kids’ education and lives. Jobs are expected to change in all industries and at both ends of the income spectrum, but the consequences for low-wage workers–especially those in the service sector economy–in the Class of 2025 are going to be greater.

Related:5 Jobs That Will Be The Hardest To Fill in 2025

“We as a society are ill-prepared for what’s to come. I think we’re going to see a rather dramatic shift in the economy sometime within the next generation,” says Steve Smith, communications director for the California Federation of Labor, an umbrella organization of 1,200 unions.

“We talk to young folks all the time who say I’m working two or three jobs and I have a college degree, and none of those things are what I set out to do. It is going to accelerate in that direction unless we make some big changes.”

Parents do have a general sense that, while their kids will have more options to follow their passions and excel in unusual and creative careers, it will also be more competitive. “It’s getting harder to get ahead and do well. There’s so much more competition,” says William’s mother Tricia.

Kids also say it will fall to their generation to make sure technology is used as a force for good.

“I think that we’ll definitely have a more comfortable life in terms of ‘having things’ and ‘owning things.’ But life is also getting more complex,” says Ashley Voisin. “If we want to live in a happy and stable world, then we have to work together to build it. We can’t just hope for it and wait for it to happen.”

While some tech companies have phased out wacky interview questions, others definitely haven’t. The theory goes that typical job interviews don’t give hiring managers or recruiters an accurate read on a candidate’s likely performance in a certain role, largely because interviews can be too brief, formulaic, formal, or suffused with all manner of bias. So while some advocate for more a more rigorously scientific approach to interviewing–controlling for key variables through process and procedure–others are taking the opposite approach.

And in those cases, it isn’t just oddball questions like, “What would you do if you were the sole survivor of a plane crash?” (supposedly asked at Airbnb in 2015) that candidates encounter on otherwise standard job interviews. Some companies are now finding ways to shake up the interview format itself, but it isn’t always clear that some of the more out-there approaches are all that effective–or even legal.

Related:This Is What The Interview Process Is Like At Google, Apple, Amazon, And Other Tech Companies

1. Asking Candidates To Join In A Workout

While it’s pretty common for prospective employers to ask candidates to take assessments to determine their competence at a particular skill relevant to the role, others test for things that have nothing to do with the job.

As the Wall Street Journal reported last June, some candidates are being invited to do physical activities with hiring managers in lieu of traditional job interviews. In some cases, there was a semblance of relevance to the role in question–like taking a prospective chief financial officer of a nutrition-bar company for a run through Central Park, before moving to the gym for “a round of pull-ups, squats, and burpees.”

But there were also instances where there was clearly no connection at all. In one case, the managing director of a financial firm played basketball with job candidates and confessed to testing how they’d react if their shirts were yanked.

Related: It’s Time To Start Conducting More Scientific Job Interviews

2. Extreme Tests Of Candidates’ Work Ethic

It’s understandable why employers might be interested in testing how committed a candidate might be to their role, but some companies’ means of doing so can get pretty extreme.

Two recent examples come from the New York Times’s Corner Office series with columnist Adam Bryant. In their conversation, Don Mal, CEO of software firm Vena Solutions, tells Bryant that he asks candidates if they’d ever leave their families at Disneyland “to do something that was really important for the company.” This, Mal says, helps him understand applicants’ work ethic. Barstool CEO Erika Nardini shares that she texts candidates over the weekend to see how fast they respond. (Nardini tells Bryant that the acceptable response time, in her view, is within three hours.)

3. Conducting The Whole Interview Via Texting

Companies that are looking to hire young talent have also taken advantage of what they believe to be millennials’ preferred means of communication: texting. As Fast Company‘s Lydia Dishman previously reported, a platform called Canvas facilitates text interviews between companies and candidates, assisted in part by artificial intelligence.

So if a candidate texts to ask about benefits, for example, they’ll automatically get sent a bit.ly link to more information, and then recruiters can see whether the candidate opened that link. In addition, Canvas CEO Aman Brar claims that text interviews can reduce the likelihood of implicit bias in the hiring process.

How Effective–And Legal–Are These Practices?

Creative as they may be, it isn’t clear these approaches actually work, and some may cross ethical or even legal lines.

Frank Schmidt, a psychology professor at the University of Iowa, told Fast Company in an email, “To my knowledge, there have been no studies conducted to see whether these techniques are effective, either in increasing the predictive validity of the interview or in motivating employees.” But when methods like these have been submitted to scientific analysis, Schmidt says, few hold up. “This does not mean they won’t become fads (usually short-lived ones).”

Dr. Brenda Fellows, an industrial/organizational psychologist and adjunct professor at UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business, agreed. Not only are “there are no true pros to [these] unusual interview practices,” in her view, but “it often leads to legal challenges if you are unable to show specific job requirements whereas the practices demonstrate the job.” This is a particular concern when it comes to exercise-based interviews, where the American Disabilities Act of 1990 bars employment discrimination on the basis of disability. Will the candidate who’s physically unable to bench-press with a gym-loving hiring manager be as competitive as a candidate who is?

But even less dramatic practices can get companies into legal trouble, too. Any questions that encourage candidates to disclose their age or marital status, among other information, Fellows notes, are off-limits. So even answering a hypothetical question about leaving your family at Disneyland could potentially cross that line: Suddenly a jobseeker may find herself discussing her family and not her actual job skills.

Related:How To Answer 8 Interview Questions You Should Never Be Asked In The First Place

What’s more, exercises like these don’t necessarily accomplish their intended goals–and can even hamper them. According to leadership coach Constance Dierickx, employers put fanciful spins on traditional hiring methods “out of desperation and frustration.” Thrown off balance by a bizarre interview process, candidates are likely to do or say what they think hiring managers want to see or hear, leading companies to keep on making bad hires.

What Makes A Successful Interview

Dierickx believes that effective interviews aren’t oddball gauntlets of physical stamina or texting response time. It all comes down to two things: the clarity of an employers’ job requirements for a given role, and the skill-level of interviewers who are conducting the process.

She explains that if companies want to test how candidates think on their feet, they’d be better off asking hypothetical questions that are clearly related to the role, such as what a jobseeker might do if they were suddenly faced with scenario X versus scenario Y. Companies “need to put hiring in a strategic context,” she says.

In addition to being dubiously effective and potentially unethical, many of these weird interview practices have something else in common, too: the belief that if companies can only suss out what makes a candidate tick, they’ll find the best person for the job. But as Dierickx suggests, that notion is predicated on the employer knowing exactly what it’s looking for, and why that criteria–whatever it may be–will make someone succeed. Too often, that’s the part employers fumble, before even scheduling their first candidate interview.

The National Hurricane Center said today that Hurricane Irma has intensified into “an extremely dangerous Category 5 hurricane.” The storm is already packing winds of up to 175-mph and is expected to gain strength over the next 12 hours as it moves toward the Caribbean Islands. It’s still too early to tell which areas will be hardest hit, but storm experts are predicting possible landfall in South Florida over the weekend. Florida’s governor, Rick Scott, declared a state of emergency.

If you want to track the storm’s path, here are a few options:

• The Weather Channel’s Hurricane Irma Tracker

• CNN’s Severe Weather Unit: Hurricane Irma Tracker 

• The National Hurricane Center’s Dedicated Irma Page

• ABC Action News: Hurricane Irma Live Tracking

There’s still a spread among the ensembles but all directions focus on Florida where #Irma may make landfall around this weekend. pic.twitter.com/rDidXdkmpy

— HurricaneTracker App (@hurrtrackerapp) September 5, 2017

Attention couch potatoes: Prepare to lazily rejoice because some like-minded genius just invented a robotic fridge that brings the drink to you so you never, ever have to get off the couch.

Reuters reports that Panasonic just unveiled a voice-controlled robot refrigerator that responds to your grunted, “Yo, bring me a beer.” The robotic fridge is named “Ku,” and once you mutter the magic words, it will toddle over to you and bring you a cold one. You don’t have to worry about the fridge spilling your drink or getting stuck in a corner like a drunken Roomba, either, because it has embedded sensors that let it map out the room. The fridge will even be able to navigate the room if you put the leg rest up on your La-Z-Boy, because it continuously updates the map and can move around safely without bumping into anything.

Not only can the very smart fridge bring you a drink, but it keeps an updated tally of what’s on the shelves and, in theory, could talk to Alexa or Google Home about what to restock. Of course, this tech isn’t just for couch potatoes. Per Reuters, Panasonic hopes it could help the elderly or anyone with a disability who might find it a challenge to get to the fridge. The company unveiled Ku this week at the IFA consumer electronics showcase in Berlin, but it won’t be available to consumers for a few years.

Attorney General Jeff Session announced President Trump’s decision to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which protected children of undocumented immigrants. This would put the legal protection of hundreds of thousands of immigrants in peril. According to a jobs report from FWD.US, the move will cause over 700,000 people to lose their jobs.

People are already taking to the streets: Tweets show what appears to be hundreds of people protesting in front of the White House. Demonstrations had already been planned for this morning before the move was made official.

Protesting #DACA outside the White House pic.twitter.com/ru70MGff2k

— Mark Irons (@MarkIronsMedia) September 5, 2017

And protesters are also planning to shut down Trump Tower.

Thousands of protesters are planning to shut down Trump Tower today in response to coming #DACA announcement https://t.co/E85zosSdR9

— Jake Offenhartz (@jangelooff) September 5, 2017

Political leaders have already announced their opposition to Trump’s DACA decision–including New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, who announced that he would sue.

New York will not demonize diversity.

We will not stand by as 42,000 NYers are deported.

If President Trump rescinds #DACA, we will sue.

— Andrew Cuomo (@NYGovCuomo) September 4, 2017

We’ll keep an eye out for more responses, but there will surely be lots of protests today.

One of the biggest challenges that aid groups face when battling poverty in the developing world is that being in poverty can make it nearly impossible to act in your own long-term best interest. Offering someone access to a savings account that generates good interest, for instance, isn’t particularly enticing to a person who is worrying about not having enough money to get through that day. It’s harder for a family to save scholarship money earmarked for an upcoming school enrollment, say, when everyone’s stomach is rumbling.

These problems stem from two well-known psychological ticks that come with stress: present bias (favoring immediate rewards over long-term considerations) and limited attention (when lack of money, time, hunger, and/or sleep affect rationalization). Sure, the wealthy might be pressed for time, too, but they compensate by hiring more help or outsourcing chores. Poor people can end up trapped in a vicious cycle.

The article, entitled Overcoming Behavioral Obstacles To Escaping Poverty was commissioned by the Behavioral Science and Policy Association, a group of public and private researchers, policy analysts, and aid agencies committed to exploring the potential of behavioral economics to nudge people in subtle ways that also benefit them.

A huge stumbling block for getting assistance, for instance, is paperwork. But offering assistance that saves time and eliminates confusion, by, say, auto-populating forms ahead of time, or offering some sort of automatic enrollment could be an equally powerful incentive: In Morocco, for instance, offering households assistance filling out forms for an interest-free loan for piped-in water increased program participation by 59%.

To that end, some farming improvement groups have learned to approach growers about reinvesting in better seeds or fertilizers for the next year right after their current harvest. That concept, matched with a limited-time discount to take advantage of it, has proven particularly effective, notes the review. In Bogota, Columbia, the distribution of educational subsidies has shifted to be aligned more closely with when that money needs to be spent so it isn’t used for other things, something that has led to higher participation rates among the neediest.

Basic reminder prompts for dire situations that can begin to feel commonplace help, too. As the report notes, the number of HIV patients in rural Kenya who stuck to their medical treatment regimens changed from 40% to 53% with weekly text reminders. Even informal reminders and rewards can be powerful: In Chile, the members of another community improved their ability to generate savings not by tracking interest rates, but by forming a self-help group, where people openly share goals and cheer progress.

For Bryan, one of the most surprising findings was how easily some life-improving changes might be implemented. “When people’s attention is so heavily taxed that they simply can’t devote any of it to noticing interesting things that might be useful to them, then something as simple as pointing out what seems obvious to you can be really useful.”

Regnery Publishing–the publisher behind conservative talking heads like Dinesh D’Souza, Ann Coulter, and Laura Ingraham–announced today that it will no longer recognize the “New York Times Best-Seller” list, reports the Associated Press.

What does that mean? Not much. It’s more of a publicity stunt. The Times doesn’t have relationships with individual publishers to figure out who does and does not get on these lists. It surveys retailers each week about their book sales and uses that data to figure out which books make the cut. Regnery, specifically, seems to be miffed that D’Souza’s new book, The Big Lie, is not higher up on the list. (Right now, it’s at No. 10 on the hardcover nonfiction list).

This announcement, however, doesn’t mean that Regnery titles will no longer be on the NYT’s list. As long as books are published, the Times will still attempt to calculate which ones are selling faster–and its findings may differ from other best-seller lists. But Regnery is using this as a way to pander to its base about the mainstream media’s perceived liberal bias. According to the Times, bias doesn’t affect who shows up in its rankings. “Conservative authors have routinely ranked high and in great numbers on our lists. Many conservative authors were on the list in the month of August,” a spokesperson told Fast Company via email. (It should also be noted, that despite the hysteria, The Big Lie continues to be on two top 10 Times lists.)

But perhaps outrage will help sell more books. And if that happens, maybe The Big Lie will climb to the top–in which case, mission accomplished.

The salary you negotiate for yourself deeply impacts your attitude about any new position you accept. While the discussion is key to securing fit in a new role, you may not feel like you’re the one driving the conversation. But you should, and you can be.

Your talent is precious, and turnover is costly. Research compiled by the Center for American Progress indicates that re-staffing a position costs employers nearly 20% of the role’s annual salary. Employers want to hire capable staff who will remain happy, engaged, and productive. Candidates share this goal–so it’s in both parties’ best interest to iron out a truly suitable offer.

Not sure where to start? Let us walk you through salary negotiations step by step at each stage of the application process.

In The Research Phase

You can use Glassdoor’s salary data to learn about compensation at the companies you’re interested in. If you find limited data for the specific position you’re after, take an average of what local companies pay professionals with that title–you want a verified salary range, which may not be shared in the job post. While researching this information, keep in mind that the base pay you accept impacts future raises you may garner. According to Stephen Miller from the Society of Human Resources Management, employees’ raises averaged about 3% of their base pay in 2016; the same is projected for 2017. Do the math. Consider what this growth rate may mean for your bottom line in the long term depending on the base pay you accept.

Some companies offer bonuses or merit increases that can be higher than 3%, however. Beyond straight cash, some companies have rich benefits that may include telecommuting, summer hours, or similar flexibility. Chisel out a hierarchy of what matters to you the most.

Before you can start truly assessing whether or not a salary is a good fit, though, it’s important to know what your skills are worth. Glassdoor’s free Know Your Worth™ personalized salary estimator functions “to calculate the estimated market value, or earning potential, of an individual based on characteristics of his or her current job, relevant work experience, and the local job market in real time.”

While you may have been incrementally garnering annual pay raises, you’ve also been accruing years of experience, gaining certifications and learning new skills, all of which add to your market value. Glassdoor’s tool calculates a refreshed market value, factoring in these areas of professional growth. Having a clear sense of your professional worth and knowing the salary range for the job you’re after are going to be key.

In The Application Phase

Dread filling out that little field that asks you to enter your salary expectation in a job application? You’re not alone. But the good news is, in some locales including New York City and the state of Massachusetts, it will soon be illegal for employers to request salary history, as it can perpetuate gender pay discrepancies. Nearly 20 states may soon follow suit.

Increasingly, salary history is regarded as an outdated basis for future compensation. So how do you navigate this when you want the job and you have to populate this field on an application? Lavie Margolin, career coach and author of Mastering the Job Interview, explains: “The later that any aspect of salary is brought up, the better position the candidate is in.”

Margolin also recognizes the importance of getting your materials noticed. To that end, he explains: “The easiest path to the next steps is a smooth one so unless there are concerns with [sharing salary history], one should consider doing it.”

Your other option is to leave that field blank or populate it with zeros. This strategy can work, leaving you in a better position to negotiate, or your materials could get passed over as incomplete. It’s a gamble–so make sure to weigh both strategies and decide which one is best for you.

Related:Four Ways You’re Messing Up Your Salary Negotiation Early In Your Career

In An Early-Stage Interview

At some point, employers will likely want to confirm that your ranges are compatible, which may happen during the phone screening. That’s probably before many candidates want to tip their hands.

Margolin proposes: “One can request to defer to a later time and gauge the response. . . If done tactfully, it would not be unfavorable. If the recruiter becomes insistent, the candidate would have to decide if he or she wants to disclose at that point.”

If you share information, aim to keep it high level.

• If a range is provided in the post: “I’m comfortable with the range indicated, and I’ll be ready to discuss further as I learn more about the company, its benefits, and the position.”
• If no range is indicated: “I am hoping to learn the salary range for this position.” If it fits with your research, use the response above.

If you’re asked for your salary history, aim to defer. You don’t want to volunteer this as a compensation starting point. Learning what you earned in a previous job is not relevant to the current conversation.

Margolin recommends this language: “Given that I am transitioning from an industry with a vastly different pay structure (or perhaps geographic location or have been with one company for many years and have not tested the market), I do not think my salary history is very relevant and I would like to focus on fit for the role at this point.”

If you feel like you need to answer with a concrete number, Margolin suggests providing “the history but contextualize it as to why it is not applicable to current negotiations.” He recommends a statement such as: “Although in my last salary I grew from 40k to 70k over 12 years, the 70k was under market value. It was a great place to grow, but I am now ready to test the market.” It’s also a great opportunity to ask your questions about benefits, raises, bonuses and perks.

Related:5 Often Overlooked Benefits That You Should Negotiate With A New Job Offer 

Once you learn that you’re through to the next round, you can employ a more granular strategy.

In A Late-Stage Or Final Interview

You’re ready! You know what you want. You understand what this employer has to offer. Because you have a range in mind, think through what you think might be offered and how you would counter various proposals.

Margolin scripts several ways this can play out:

Interviewer: “We would like to make you an offer of $46k per year.”

Interviewee: Thank you for the offer…Would it be possible to negotiate on salary? I’m very interested in the position, but seeking $48-53k per year.”

At this point, the interviewer can answer in one of several different ways. If your interviewer says “We can offer you $52k,” for example, try countering with “Thank you. I’d like to talk it over with my family and confirm the details. I am really excited about the potential of working together.”

If the interviewer says, “I will have to speak with management about the possibility of a higher offer,” make sure to ask “When should I follow up with you?” so they know you mean business.

If they say, “We cannot give a higher salary,” try responding with: “Okay. Is there flexibility on some of the benefits? Can my salary be reevaluated at six months once I have proven myself? If it can, at what rate can I expect my salary to increase?”

You and your soon-to-be employers share the goal of arriving at a compensation package that will keep you happy in your new position. So welcome your next salary negotiation–it sets the bar for fit in your new role.

A version of this article originally appeared on Glassdoor and is adapted with permission. 

What: A new commercial from HP that uses the evolution of a father-daughter relationship to hype its new handheld printer.

Who: HP, Giant Spoon

Why we care: Declare the end of sadvertising all you want, but when a brand finds a way to tap a certain emotion, at least be willing to admit when they do it well. Here, HP subtly plugs its new tiny Sprocket printer with a silent tale all too familiar to fathers (and all parents) around the world: your child’s transition from childhood to adolescence.

“Little Moments” is like a mix between Ikea’s “Good Listener” and Apple’s 2013 Christmas ad. See, you think the kid’s just glued to that phone, ignoring you all the time, but then… KABLAMMO. They hit you with the emotions.

Anyone who has braved first day drop-off with little ones saw the tears (of both the parental and child variety) in the schoolyard, so ads like this warn us of the less than enthusiastic goodbyes to come. For parents of older kids, it’s a reminder of this unique transition in their relationship. And for everyone else, it highlights the idea that HP makes a pretty cool, tiny printer the size of a flip phone.

As automation and artificial intelligence technologies improve, many people worry about the future of work. If millions of human workers no longer have jobs, the worriers ask, what will people do, how will they provide for themselves and their families, and what changes might occur (or be needed) in order for society to adjust?

Many economists say there is no need to worry. They point to how past major transformations in work tasks and labor markets—specifically the Industrial Revolution during the 18th and 19th centuries—did not lead to major social upheaval or widespread suffering. These economists say that when technology destroys jobs, people find other jobs. As one economist argued:

“Since the dawn of the industrial age, a recurrent fear has been that technological change will spawn mass unemployment. Neoclassical economists predicted that this would not happen, because people would find other jobs, albeit possibly after a long period of painful adjustment. By and large, that prediction has proven to be correct.”

They are definitely right about the long period of painful adjustment! The aftermath of the Industrial Revolution involved two major Communist revolutions, whose death toll approaches 100 million. The stabilizing influence of the modern social welfare state emerged only after World War II, nearly 200 years on from the 18th-century beginnings of the Industrial Revolution.

Today, as globalization and automation dramatically boost corporate productivity, many workers have seen their wages stagnate. The increasing power of automation and artificial intelligence technology means more pain may follow. Are these economists minimizing the historical record when projecting the future, essentially telling us not to worry because in a century or two things will get better?

Reaching A Tipping Point

To learn from the Industrial Revolution, we must put it in the proper historical context. The Industrial Revolution was a tipping point. For many thousands of years before it, economic growth was practically negligible, generally tracking with population growth: Farmers grew a bit more food and blacksmiths made a few more tools, but people from the early agrarian societies of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India would have recognized the world of 17th-century Europe.

But when steam power and industrial machinery came along in the 18th century, economic activity took off. The growth that happened in just a couple hundred years was on a vastly different scale than anything that had happened before. We may be at a similar tipping point now, referred to by some as the “Fourth Industrial Revolution,” where all that has happened in the past may appear minor compared to the productivity and profitability potential of the future.

Getting Predictions Wrong

It is easy to underestimate in advance the impact of globalization and automation–I have done it myself. In March 2000, the NASDAQ Composite Index peaked and then crashed, wiping out US$8 trillion in market valuations over the next two years. At the same time, the global spread of the internet enabled offshore outsourcing of software production, leading to fears of information technology jobs disappearing en masse.

The Association for Computing Machinery worried what these factors might mean for computer education and employment in the future. Its study group, which I co-chaired, reported in 2006 that there was no real reason to believe that computer industry jobs were migrating away from developed countries. The last decade has vindicated that conclusion.

Our report conceded, however, that “trade gains may be distributed differentially,” meaning some individuals and regions would gain and others would lose. And it was focused narrowly on the information technology industry. Had we looked at the broader impact of globalization and automation on the economy, we might have seen the much bigger changes that even then were taking hold.

Spreading To Manufacturing

In both the first Industrial Revolution and today’s, the first effects were in manufacturing in the developed world. By substituting technology for workers, U.S. manufacturing productivity roughly doubled between 1995 and 2015. As a result, while U.S. manufacturing output today is essentially at an all-time high, employment peaked around 1980, and has been declining precipitously since 1995.

Unlike in the 19th century, though, the effects of globalization and automation are spreading across the developing world. Economist Branko Milanovic’s “Elephant Curve” shows how people around the globe, ranked by their income in 1998, saw their incomes increase by 2008. While the income of the very poor was stagnant, rising incomes in emerging economies lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. People at the very top of the income scale also benefited from globalization and automation.

But the income of working- and middle-class people in the developed world has stagnated. In the U.S., for example, income of production workers today, adjusted for inflation, is essentially at the level it was around 1970.

Now automation is also coming to developing-world economies. A recent report from the International Labor Organization found that more than two-thirds of Southeast Asia’s 9.2 million textile and footwear jobs are threatened by automation.

Related: Bet You Didn’t See This Coming: 10 Jobs That Will Be Replaced By Robots 

Waking Up To The Problems

In addition to spreading across the world, automation and artificial intelligence are beginning to pervade entire economies. Accountants, lawyers, truckers, and even construction workers–whose jobs were largely unchanged by the first Industrial Revolution–are about to find their work changing substantially, if not entirely taken over by computers.

Until very recently, the global educated professional class didn’t recognize what was happening to working- and middle-class people in developed countries. But now it is about to happen to them.

The results will be startling, disruptive, and potentially long-lasting. Political developments of the past year make it clear that the issue of shared prosperity cannot be ignored. It is now evident that the Brexit vote in the U.K. and the election of President Donald Trump in the U.S. were driven to a major extent by economic grievances.

Our current economy and society will transform in significant ways, with no simple fixes or adaptations to lessen their effects. But when trying to make economic predictions based on the past, it is worth remembering– and exercising–the caution provided by the distinguished Israeli economist Ariel Rubinstein in his 2012 book, Economic Fables:

“I am obsessively occupied with denying any interpretation contending that economic models produce conclusions of real value.”

Rubinstein’s basic assertion, which is that economic theory tells us more about economic models than it tells us about economic reality, is a warning: We should listen not only to economists when it comes to predicting the future of work; we should listen also to historians, who often bring a deeper historical perspective to their predictions. Automation will significantly change many people’s lives in ways that may be painful and enduring.

Moshe Y. Vardi is Karen Ostrum George Distinguished Service Professor in Computational Engineering and Director of the Ken Kennedy Institute for Information Technology at Rice University. This essay first appeared at The Conversation.

Beyoncé, George Clooney, and Oprah are taking part in a good old-fashioned telethon to raise funds for those in need in the wake of Hurricane Harvey. The one-hour special event, Hand in Hand: A Benefit for Hurricane Harvey Relief, will air live September 12 at 8 p.m. ET on ABC, CBS, CMT, Fox, and NBC. It will also stream live on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Proceeds from the telethon will benefit various charities including the United Way of Greater Houston, Habitat for Humanity, Save the Children, Direct Relief, Feeding Texas, and the Mayor’s Fund for Hurricane Harvey Relief.

The telethon was organized by Houston rapper Bun B and talent manager Scooter Braun and will feature performances and messages from Jamie Foxx, Barbra Streisand, Reese Witherspoon, Matthew McConaughey, Julia Roberts, Adam Sandler, Ryan Seacrest, Karlie Kloss, Rob Lowe, Blake Shelton, and Michael Strahan, and country legend George Strait will beam in from his own benefit concert in San Antonio. Participants are still being announced and since Braun manages Justin Bieber, perhaps he will show up to sing “Baby” but swapping all the lyrics to reference Hurricane Harvey, like when Beyoncé sang “Halo” at the Hope for Haiti telethon in 2010.

Additional information is available on the Hand in Hand website.

The tech giant just announced that it is canceling its long-running Apple Music Festival (née iTunes Music Festival), which has been a mainstay of the London music scene for 10 years, the Guardian reports.

So far Apple has given no official reason for ending the music festival, which hosted artists like Lady Gaga, Foo Fighters, Adele, Oasis, and Kendrick Lamar, but some outlets are speculating that Apple Music is following every other digital platform and (gag) pivoting to video. Apple has been making a big push into original content. It launched two TV series, Carpool Karaoke and Planet of the Apps, and there are probably a lot more coming since they hired former Sony presidents Jamie Erlicht and Zack Van Amburg to lead the company’s $1 billion original content initiative.

We reached out to Apple Music for comment and will update with their response.

Samsung’s Galaxy Note line of smartphones used to stand for two things: an oversized display, and a stylus for digital notes. Those qualities made the Note a trailblazer, even if it wasn’t for everyone.

Both attributes seem compromised in the Samsung Galaxy Note8, which ships this week for $930 and up. Although the display is still huge at 6.3 inches diagonal, it’s only a smidge larger than the Galaxy S8+ from earlier this year. And because the Note8 uses the same tall-and-narrow aspect ratio as the S8 line, there’s not much room to write with the included S Pen stylus.

The Galaxy Note8 is by no means a bad phone. The display is gorgeous, the new dual-lens camera takes flawless photos, and the S Pen feels closer than ever to a pen on paper. But in positioning itself as the premium Android phone to get instead of a new top-of-the-line iPhone, the Note8 waters down its namesake features.

Curved And Narrow

Like the Galaxy S8 and S8+ before it, the Samsung Note8 has a curved display with no physical navigation buttons underneath it. Android’s standard home, back, and recent apps buttons appear directly on the screen instead, and they can slide away to reveal more content within apps. The Samsung logo that sullied the front of previous Notes is also gone, leaving only a small earpiece slot and camera holes to distract from an otherwise monolithic glass slab.

That’s where the S8’s and Note8’s physical similarities should have ended. But in addition to retaining the S8’s striking aesthetics, Samsung also carried over its 18.5:9 aspect ratio, which is tall and narrow in portrait mode and, in landscape mode, resembles the ultra-wide proportions of a movie theater screen.

While space constraints would be inherent to any phone, the Galaxy Note series used to be roomier. The original Note had a 16:10 aspect ratio, and because of its thicker bezels, the phone’s body was almost a third of an inch broader than the Note8. Later models prior to the Note8 adopted a slightly skinner 16:9 ratio. If Samsung wanted to continue to embrace the Note’s notation features, it could have gone with a wider display, especially given the efficiencies gained by its edge-to-edge display tech.

A wider display would bring trade-offs, making the phone harder to use with one hand. But Samsung already has a jumbo phone optimized for that purpose in the Galaxy S8+, whose display is only 0.1 inches smaller than that of the Note8. (Samsung did reduce the curvature on the Note8, which adds about 5 mm of horizontal space.) A more spacious Note would not only help with handwriting, it would also create a greater distinction between the two lines and continue to push the envelope on ginormously large phones.

The S Pen Evolves–And Distracts

That’s not to say Samsung is neglecting the Galaxy Note’s stylus. If anything, the Note8’s new handwriting features underscore the need for a larger surface to write on. (Some of these improvements also appeared in the Galaxy Note7, which Samsung pulled from the market last year after batteries started exploding.)

The S Pen itself supports 4,096 levels of pressure, on par with Microsoft’s stellar Surface Pen, and it has a soft tip that helps emulate the feel of writing on paper. Broad strokes still produced some noticeable input lag, but that’s been also been the case with other digital writing tools such as the Surface Pen and Apple Pencil. Also, it’s no longer possible to get the S Pen stuck in its holster.

The Note8 offers a couple of neat pen-enabled software features as well. You can start writing on the screen while it’s off, and then pin whatever you’ve written to the lock screen like a temporary sticky note. You also can draw fun little “Live Messages” over a photo or blank background, then send them to friends as animated GIFs.

The S Pen falls short, however, when Samsung tries to sell it as more than just a writing tool. Although the stylus can be useful for desktop-optimized websites that expect the hover-over functionality of a mouse, most of the S Pen’s non-writing features come off as gimmicks. Being able to translate text and convert currency with the stylus makes sense in theory, but requires enabling a translation mode in the S Pen menu first, then carefully hovering the over the relevant text. This is too time-consuming and finicky in practice, and it’s unclear why the S Pen is even necessary to make it work. The same is true with the way the Note8 uses Bixby Vision to recognize on-screen text and images, and the “Glance” feature that lets you quickly open and close apps.

In lieu of these features, Samsung ought to work on improving its core note-taking service. Samsung’s built-in Notes app still doesn’t synchronize to other platforms, so the only way to access handwritten notes on iOS, Windows, or Mac is to export them as PDF or image files. A way to convert entire documents to text would also be helpful, and I’m still hoping Samsung–or anyone, really–will duplicate the notes with synced audio functionality of Livescribe.

Maximum Power

I only lament the S Pen’s missed opportunities because in other ways, the Samsung Galaxy Note8 won me over.

From a raw power standpoint, this phone is as good as it gets, with an octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 835 processor and a luxurious 6 GB of RAM. The display supports HDR video, which makes a treat out of watching newer Netflix originals. The 3,300 mAh battery is slightly smaller than that of the Galaxy S8+, but I’ve been getting through each day without about 50% left in the tank.

The phone does include some typical Samsung weirdness. Its fingerprint sensor is in the same hard-to-reach place as the S8 line, right next to the camera lenses, and even Samsung warns that its face unlock feature is susceptible to photo and video spoofing unless you opt to slow down the recognition. It also ships without the brand-new Android 8.0 Oreo, and Samsung won’t commit to a time frame for updating its software.

But even these flaws are counterbalanced by the Note8’s nerdy levels of customization and features for power users. The Note8’s face unlock feature, for instance, became considerably more useful once I’d enabled unlocking the phone by long-pressing the software home button. I wasn’t crazy about the always-on display’s distractions, so I set it to display a clock along the edge of the screen instead. And after mapping Samsung’s one-handed mode to a triple-tap of the home button, it became my favorite crutch for reaching buttons atop of the oversized display.

Samsung is even a step ahead of Google with side-by-side multitasking, with a shortcut bar for quickly launching customizable pairs of apps. This removes the hassle from taking notes from web pages and listening to music while getting driving directions.

A larger screen and better notation features might not make the Galaxy Note8 more appealing to massive numbers of consumers. But they would help the phone stand out against its competitors, and preserve what made the Note such a unique, risk-taking phone in the first place.

President Trump’s decision to rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, program is generating enormous blowback from pro-immigration groups, business leaders, politicians, and the general public–some of whom took to the streets in Washington and New York today to protest the move. The Obama-era program allowed undocumented immigrants who came to the United States as children to remain in the country.

Here are some key statistics on DACA recipients:

• Nearly790,000 people have received work permits and deportation relief since it was enacted in 2012.
• 1.1 million people were eligible for the benefits, according to a 2014 Pew estimate.
• By far, California received the highest number of initial DACA applications at 223,000. Texas, New York, Illinois, and Florida rounded out the top five states.
• 95% of DACA recipients are working or in school, according to a 2016 survey.
• 54% of DACA recipients recently bought their first car, according to a 2016 survey; 12% bought a home.
• 21% of DACA recipients work in education and health services, the highest of any other industry, according to a 2016 survey.
• DACA helped raise wages: According to a 2016 survey, recipients made an average wage of $13.96 and hour, compared to $9.83 an hour before DACA.

Download this @DefineAmerican fact-sheet on everything you need to know about #DACA: https://t.co/R5NJTeJUTU#immigration#FactsMatterpic.twitter.com/hIspSbBKAC

— #DefendDACA (@joseiswriting) September 2, 2017

The statistics cited above come from two sources: a Pew Research Center report and a 2016 survey conducted by UCSD’s Tom K. Wong, United We Dream, National Immigration Law Center, and Center for American Progress. 

Barack Obama published a Facebook post calling the White house out on its decision to rescind the Deferred Actions for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Act. “To target these young people is wrong–because they have done nothing wrong,” Obama writes. “It is self-defeating–because they want to start new businesses, staff our labs, serve in our military, and otherwise contribute to the country we love. And it is cruel.”

He goes on to say that this issue as about “basic decency,” and “who we are as a people.”

For reference, Trump’s move to revoke the program puts nearly 800,000 working Americans’ status in peril. Nearly all of them are working or in school, and the program even helped raise their average wages.

You can read all of Obama’s post here.

The menu at the Emma’s Torch Classroom Cafe, a pop-up brunch spot in Brooklyn, features hip staples like poached eggs with avocado toast and a more exotic variation called shakshuka, which has heirloom tomatoes, garlic confit, and mixed peppers alongside saffron toast.

Shakshuka is a classic North African and Middle Eastern dish that pays homage to some of the people cooking at the cafe: refugees, people seeking asylum, and human trafficking survivors, who are working there as part of a culinary program that launched this June. The school and eatery are partnered to give students a free chance to learn cooking skills and practice them in a real restaurant, boosting their work experience so they can go on to get jobs in the restaurant industry.

To do that, the group coordinates with refugee resettlement agencies, including Church World Service, Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, and International Rescue Committee, to find candidates who are interested in culinary careers. “What we’re looking for when we bring on students is a passion for food but not necessarily a food background,” says Brodie.

Lessons cover things like knife skills, kitchen movement, how to follow and scale recipes, dish plating techniques, and how to improvise when necessary in ways that maintain consistent and quality food. At the end of its program, Emma’s Torch ensures all workers are licensed for food handling. It also offers a separate ESL program focused on cooking terminology to make kitchen life easier.

The pop up is currently slated to run through December 2017, at which point, the group will go looking for a larger space to expand its class size and how many people the concept can serve. Brodie considers the apprentice aspect essential.

By December, Emma’s Torch will have run five separate training sessions. Of the first two graduates, who finished in July, one has earned a job at upscale eatery The Dutch, while another is working in a small Japanese restaurant. The graduates of the latest class, which graduated September 3, have both already received job offers.

Eventually, Brodie would like to reach about 50 students per year. By the end of 2017, she projects that revenue from meal checks will cover only 15% to 20% the group’s overall costs–its operating budget is about $200,000–with the rest coming from grants, individual donors, and corporations.

In a bigger space with more cooks, and as they refine their processes, she hopes to see that percentage increase substantially, which would make the nonprofit more self-sustaining. (The group also lowers ingredient costs by accepting food donations.) For diners, she hopes each dish serves as a humanitarian message. “You know that person who made the most delicious avocado toast you’ve ever tasted? They’re a refugee and they’re a human being,” she adds. “We should treat our refugees like human beings.”

What: A new retail experience at the brand’s Nike By You Studio in New York City that custom designs sneakers in less than 90 minutes.

Who: Nike, Wieden+Kennedy’s The Lodge

Why we care: The world of retail is on a collision course with something that’s already taken over our music collections, our media  habits, and more–personalization. Last week we showed you a new machine by Vans that could custom print your kicks in 15 minutes. Now, the almighty Swoosh has unveiled the Nike Makers’ Experience that, according to the brand, merges “digital design with traditional footwear making.”

What begins with a series of graphic options, generated from either Nike heritage or on-the-spot phrases, that be customized into patterns through shifts to size and color, ends in a fully customized pair of Nike Presto X, a model specially created by the Nike Advanced Innovation for the Nike Makers’ Experience.

Nike’s VP of Innovation Special Projects Mark Smith said in a statement, “The intention of the project is to bring to life the collaborative design experience that we offer our athletes. They love products that tell their story, so we wanted to combine that idea with a new process of live design and manufacturing that allows our guests to come into the space, work collaboratively with us and leave with a special product in less than 90 minutes.”

Created with Wieden+Kennedy’s tech innovation division The Lodge, right now it’s only available by invitation only in New York. But make no mistake, this is probably a tip of the iceberg for the future of Nike retail.

Just when you thought wearables were completely useless, the Red Sox have (allegedly) come up with a solid use case: beating the Yankees. Major League Baseball investigators found the Boston baseball team was using the Apple Watch as a part of ploy to decode signals exchanged between the Yankee’s pitcher and catcher, according to the New York Times.

The New York team procured video of the Red Sox training manager repeatedly checking his Apple Watch, before advising the team. The MLB investigation revealed that, indeed, Red Sox staffers were watching instant replays to pair catcher signals to pitches and then sending the insight to the manager in the dugout, giving the Sox a way of knowing what kind of pitch was coming. In one case captured on video—either by the League or the Yankees or both—Dustin Pedroia, who was on the disabled list at the time, can be seen receiving information from a trainer and passing it to outfielder Chris Young.

The complaint relates to the teams’ series last month at Fenway Park, but the MLB investigation found the practice was not limited to games against New York. Though stealing pitch signals is old hat in baseball, texting makes the practice more complex for the MLB. No word yet as to whether or how the MLB might penalize the Red Sox.

Cheating with an Apple Watch is the closest MLB has ever come to trying to market to millennials https://t.co/gFUqb9esw5

— Anthony Vitale (@antsvitale) September 5, 2017

Fortunately, the affair and the bitter rivalry didn’t completely cool the teams’ sportsmanship and good will: At Sunday night’s series finale between the clubs at Yankee Stadium—where the Yanks beat the Sox in a 9-2 rout, winning a four-game series—the teams announced they are teaming up to help victims of Hurricane Harvey by auctioning off autographed memorabilia and game-used jerseys—but no smartwatches. (See the auction websites for the Yankees and the Red Sox.)

Through her most recent venture, Randi Zuckerberg wants to give every child the opportunity to be exposed to science and technology. Sue’s Tech Kitchen merges food with tech to give children a fun and tasty introduction to computer science and programming. Attendees can 3D print their dessert, create music with produce, code with candy, and much more.

The Facebook CEO wrote an impassioned post supporting DACA and urging people who do so to make their opinions known to Congress, while also stating his belief that Congress needs to pass the bipartisan Dream Act, or other similar legislation, to protect Dreamers. This isn’t the first time Zuck has taken to his Facebook page to defend Dreamers. As Bloomberg writer Max Chafkin points out, the Facebook founder was having none of the poor arguments supporting DACA’s repeal and posted several pointed replies to immigration hawks on his Facebook page several nights ago.

Zuck spent last night debating immigration hawks on his fb page pic.twitter.com/Yd50ab3iJf

— Max Chafkin (@chafkin) September 1, 2017